German wisdom city construction characteristics
[abstract] in Germany, the wisdom city project mainly focus on energy-saving, environmental protection, transportation and other fields.
In recent years, the United States, Europe and South Korea, Singapore and other developed countries such as China's neighboring countries have started construction of intelligent city. Clearly put forward the eighteenth congress "to promote industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization synchronous development" strategy, "wisdom city" as a new mode of urban management in the whole country quickly reached a consensus, the domestic is set off a upsurge of "wisdom city" construction. At the same time, the "wisdom city" is a new thing, so far, the global model no construction of city is recognized as the "wisdom city" model, but each of the so-called "wisdom city" and each have each characteristic and experience. In Germany, the wisdom city project mainly focus on energy-saving, environmental protection, transportation and other fields. We from Berlin, the capital, Frankfurt, Germany's third-largest city, friedrich haven city (Friedrichshafen) - a beautiful small city in southern Germany, three typical representative of the city, the German intelligence features of the city.
Berlin
Berlin wisdom city construction partner responsible for the company, mainly by Berlin Berlin partners is Berlin city government intended to promote economic and social development and set up a special agencies.
1, electric transportation
Berlin's goal is to become Europe's leading electric cars metropolis. In March 2011, the Berlin proposed "2020 electric cars a plan of Action (Action Planfor Electromobility (2020)", one of the important project of Mercedes smart car2go project. In the project, registered users can be in the area of about 250 square kilometers to rent to equipped with intelligent stall/start system, air conditioning and smartfortwo vehicle navigation system, according to his own will drive the car for a long time, and then return any public parking lots in the area of the operating car. Besides, car2go also for iPhone users launched a car2go applications. Users can query the application information such as the car2go vehicles available nearby. At present, the Berlin Brandenburg - the first region is Germany's largest electric car "lab", is also one of the few with 220 public charging pile of German cities, has the implementation of sustainable transportation projects range from the personal and family car, the electric car sharing, enterprise team, to broad goal of freight trucks, electric bicycle.
2, energy-saving residential
Berlin's "passive energy-saving residential" is developed on the basis of low energy consumption building, is a new concept of energy saving. Such energy-saving construction under the condition of the outdoor temperature is 20 ℃ below zero, indoor can not leave empty or heating temperature was needed to maintain a normal life, means building basic don't need to take the initiative to supply energy, annual heating energy consumption per unit area was only about 15 degrees, far less than the standard 75 KWH in Germany. And this kind of effect, only the material, design, construction and other means can achieve, it the heating energy consumption of no more than 15 KWH each year, the annual consumption of crude oil per square meter is not more than 1.5 liters. In addition, the passive energy saving energy comes from renewable energy sources, mainly powered by solar installation on the roof, only in very rare cases need extra energy for heating. House at the same time, in order to receive as much sunlight as far as possible, mostly to the south, the window surface also as far as possible big, and the design of the three isolation, in order to make indoor heat won't loss outward. And its automatic ventilation system can extract heat from waste gas, and then use the heat to inhale fresh air heating.
Frankfurt
The wisdom of the Frankfurt environmental protection bureau shall be responsible for the city construction mainly by Frankfurt. Compared with other cities, Frankfurt, pay more attention to green development, the goal is to building a green city, and in "of the 2014 European green" poll has entered the final stage.
1, "ring green belt"
Frankfurt, the city green coverage rate is as high as 52%, garden, park, forest, water and sand dunes of diverse landforms, 40 square meters per capita possession of park green space. Frankfurt's largest green action is sustained for more than 20 years of building green belt around the city GreenBelt plan, at present, the city 75 kilometers of "green" Frankfurt basic is built, not only become a city green barriers, also several times through legislation, to solicit public feedback, added a lot of entertainment facilities, large open to the public.
2, passive housing
Frankfurt is put forward to residential building energy efficiency as the core of "energy saving family". This kind of passive energy-saving building characteristics embodied in two aspects: one is focus on the insulation sealing of the building, 2 it is to make full use of renewable energy. In terms of government support policy, for new homes, build a person can go to the local government in the bank to apply for preferential low-interest loans, can also enjoy the federal government to give reward; For the reconstruction of houses, the way the government through the energy conservation transformation example room, low-interest loans and subsidies to support energy saving renovation project, but after transforming housing energy conservation must achieve 30% 40%. In 10 years is expected Frankfurt energy-efficient passive house than cases can reach more than 60%.
3, power saving rewards
In order to encourage residents to conserve electricity, Frankfurt, the municipal government adopted a cash reward. Frankfurt is Germany's first city of cash incentives to save electricity, and residents can from Frankfurt energy bureau or espresso-italian style tile co., LTD. (MainovaAG) for electric power meter for free. Residents within a year if we can save 10% of the electricity, get 20 euro cash prize, on this basis, each can also get an electricity saving of a 0.1 euros. So far, the average of the Frankfurt won the 65 euros in cash incentives.
4, control air emissions
In addition to focus on greening, in terms of environmental protection, Frankfurt is attaches great importance to the quality of the air. Especially in the control of CO2 emissions, with a lot of measures. First, low-emission buses. Frankfurt, took the lead in a few years ago to enable the low-emission buses, in transit, Frankfurt, insist on vehicles equipped with high standard (EEV). Second, the natural gas vehicle. In 2005, Frankfurt, the municipal government decided to its entire team to change for the natural gas vehicle, the municipal government and its subordinate company has 400 natural gas car put into use. Third, low emission area. In October 2008, Frankfurt in urban areas to draw a area of about 110 square kilometers area is set to low emission zone. All of the high emission vehicles are not allowed into the area, only consists of (3) and green (4) is allowed to enter the car. Since 2012, only the green standard car to enter, otherwise, will be dealt with fine 40 euros. Fourth, encourage bike travel.
Frankfurt, 2003, decided to increase the proportion of bicycles to 15% (the ratio of only 6% in 1998), therefore also has the following policies: a newly built, renovated or expanded bicycle lanes, change and enable the bicycle traffic lights change order priority principle, the redesigned bicycle route and road signs, build more with fixed racks bike park, in order to avoid detour and increase cycling appeal, Frankfurt allows even cyclists retrograde on a one-way street, and so on. Fifth, electric transportation. "Electric transportation in the German government in fan zone" poll, Frankfurt with ZEBRA project to emerge from the national 130 area, become one of the eight "electric transportation demonstration zone" in Germany. The engineering design for two main projects: one is in the car park, the construction of public parking ground and taxi queue in electric vehicle charging station, 2 it is to invite different people to test the electric bicycle, electric cars and other electric vehicles in the practicality of daily life.
5, recycling
With the maturity of related technology, in addition to conventional landfill and incineration, Frankfurt are increasingly using biotechnology degradation of waste, will be converted into electricity and heat. Such as use of biological starter processing kitchen waste, Frankfurt, more than 1000 tons a day in the city life garbage into pollution-free biological organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer which cultivating pollution-free vegetables and flowers, etc.
At present, there are 30000 households at Frankfurt are using garbage power plant is the production of electricity, to some extent this will also be able to save fossil fuels such as oil, steam, coal and reduce CO2 emissions to protect the environment.
6, water resource management
Although Germany as a whole is rich in water resource, but also do not forget to through various means to encourage the government to save the utilization of water resources. Such as Frankfurt in Hesse is part of government to provide subsidies to encourage and help citizens to buy rainwater collection device, mainly through the roof rainwater collection, rainwater through pipeline and filter device into a water storage tank or reservoir, and through pressure device used to pump water to the toilet or the garden. In addition, to protect water resource from pollution and high quality is also an important part of the government environmental protection. In order to ensure the security of water supply, according to the different distance around the aquifer divides the tertiary water source protection zone, within the scope of collecting water around 10 meters of the level of protection of the most demanding, to ban all have contaminated substance seeping into the ground, offenders will be punished with money. In order to ensure the quality of tap water, from the production, transmission and regulation and so on each link all made detailed provisions, the German has reached the level of direct drinking tap water, and Frankfurt on water quality request is higher, has now reached a measure of an hour.
Friedrich before the city
Friedrich haven city is a seat in the distant boden lake town in Germany. In 2006, deutsche telekom across the country launched the T - CITY competition, friedrich haven CITY after two rounds of fierce competition Emerge from 52 participating cities. Friedrich haven city also set up specialized agencies -- friedrich ha virtual market co., LTD., and in 2008 changed its name to FN - Dienste has a limited company.
With the other German cities such as Berlin, Frankfurt, the wisdom of the city's urban construction area of more wider, project. Over the past 2007 years, friedrich haven city has been launched in the field of health care, education and so on more than 40 wisdom city construction projects, the following will focus on six relatively mature and close to common people daily life of the project.
1, remote diagnosis and treatment
"Remote diagnosis and treatment" is a project of remote monitoring for patients with chronic heart disease. Through the use of ICT means such as Internet, mobile phone, the patient can regularly to the monitoring data such as blood pressure, body weight is far from home to hospital medical center. So, on the one hand, can be continuous monitoring of patients with physical condition and determine the potential risks in advance, on the other hand can also get the doctor's advice in time and to reduce the number to the hospital. That is to say, this project after the implementation of, friedrich haven city people can revoke often eastlands hospital on blood pressure, body weight, which to a certain extent, improve the quality of people's lives.
2, tumor consultation
The tumor consultation program is started in order to improve treatment in patients with cancer. Friedrich haven city hospital want to extend to a breast center with joint certification cooperation that already exist, and through the digital switching of treatment of images to simplify the procedure of remote consultation and cooperation. After using this program, to participate in the consultation of doctors can through video conference to share information and experience, and finally put forward the best treatment plan.
3, independent life
In response to the coming of aging society increasingly, friedrich haven city launched the "independent living" project. The service object is local have limited mobility of residents, goal is to improve the capability of self service. Through in the home to install a special device, the disabled person can more easily use some services, such as medicine, commodity, food distribution and care, and so on. That is to say, with the help of ICT technology, disabled person can longer stay at home (than before), that is becoming more independent.
4, EDUNEX
EDUNEX friedrich before the city for the local school to build a web-based education platform. Through the Internet, the teachers and students can enter the platform for relevant information and interact, this undoubtedly increased the flexibility of the teachers and students in time and space. Illness, for instance, students can study at home can't go to school related information, the teacher can also upload anywhere learning materials. The platform also provides students with a tool for communication between each other and with the teacher, such as E-mail or chatting BBS, etc. In particular, the realization of the remote communication, can make cooperation with foreign partners in foreign language teaching also become possible.
5, online kindergarten
"Online kindergarten" is a project based on the Internet, can help parents and kindergarten to connect. On the one hand, can help parents registered kindergarten for your child, on the other hand can also help the kindergarten to strengthen management. Since late 2009, 37 kindergartens have links to the system. Through the Internet, parents can collect information of different kindergarten, such as location, opening time, each child can choose the three most kindergarten on the Internet. Through the system, the kindergarten can be faster and more easily organize students and arrange work.
6, smart meters
"Smart meters" project was launched in 2008, its goal is to help people to save energy. Initially, the entire area of about 350 volunteers family installed the smart meters, to the spring of 2011, Mr Friedrich haven city "hoff (Oberhof) and weed haag (Windhag) two area all the family installed the new intelligent instrumentation. After installed the smart meters, customers can through the Internet monitoring household energy consumption, in understanding the information such as energy consumption and energy price, and can be changed according to the monitoring information of household energy consumption habits, so as to realize the energy saving of expectations. This paper provided by the shaanxi umc communication technology co., LTD. For more details Please visit: http://www.uetx.cc/