People with artificial intelligence, search for "smart" philosophy
[abstract] the knowledge and information itself has a kind of sense of autonomy, this is not a matter of understanding of AI from deeper to the person's intelligence and knowledge of the nature of the confusion, the epistemology of traditional philosophy, truth, science and the essence of the problems is to convert the relationship between human and the objective world into knowledge to study the nature of the problem, the intelligence of people and not outside of the human spirit of the subjective activity studies.
People call is equivalent to a person's Intelligence, Human Intelligence HI) ability of non-human entities for AI (Artificial Intelligence AI), due to an AI is imitation of the HI before with this name, but the modern computer and the Internet high-speed flow, a huge amount of data and processing power makes the society entered the era of information explosion, knowledge and information itself has a kind of sense of autonomy, this is not a matter of understanding of AI from deeper to the person's Intelligence and knowledge of the nature of the confusion, the epistemology of traditional philosophy, truth, science and the essence of the problems is to convert the relationship between Human and the objective world into knowledge to study the nature of the problem, the Intelligence of people is not outside of the Human spirit of the subjective activity studies, in this case, we do not doubt that knowledge by passive relations, the saying "knowledge is power" is a proof of that, but now, the tool of knowledge, objective problem has been replaced by the independence of the knowledge, this is the lucky s knowledge ability, but also is a person of their cognitive into a new era of confusion.
On common sense, the nature of people based on their own intelligence, people can be different from objects, plants, animals, because people with intelligence, one can see them as the objective things and can be used, the control object, people are always the center of the human environment, even always expect the existence of an alien, and intelligent for the bottom line and expect they can communication with earth humanity, understanding, kind, higher than the existence of human intelligence is treated as divine, Turing (a. m. Turing, 1912-1954) brought more than machine calculation ability is called "god yu" (oracle), but the AI is such A kind of disturbing confusion, AI can exist in A physical form independent and on many ability greatly exceed human intelligence, it's like you are the most faithful old servant suddenly became A strong guests in your living room, or even your master and enjoy your home, if history has there been A shift from geocentric era to the heliocentric era of shock, but this is only one awakening safely from the divine confusion, is their own progress, and now the development of human faces unpredictable AI will be narrowly missed again? Philosophy of "smart" (about the Philosophy of "smart" - wisdom can Philosophy Intelligence point) tried to answer this question.
A, "world 3" : knowledge and intelligence
The progress of modern science and technology knowledge to form separated from the general mental activity, the progress of modern science and technology can make the knowledge in the form of dynamic, static before informatization, the initiative, the trend is pop (k. r. Popper, 1902-1994) in a particular way, this is his theory of "three of the world", in 1967, the third "logic, methodology and philosophy of science conference", Popper gave a report titled "without knowing subject epistemology", put forward the objective contents of "thought" (that is, knowledge of objective form) as a "world 3" and "one of the world" (the physical object or substance of the world), "world 2" (conscious or mental state of the world, or about the activity of the behavioral intention of world), in his "the research of the objective knowledge: a theory of evolution, points out the" three of the world ", objectivity is the autonomy of knowledge and independent creative:
"If it's not too seriously consider the word 'world' or 'universe', we can distinguish the following three of the world or universe: first, physical objects or physical state of the world, second, the state of consciousness, or mental state of the world, or about the behavioral intention of activities of the world, the third, the objective of the world, especially the scientific thought, the idea of poetry as well as works of art in the world. Therefore, there is no denying the fact that I speak of the" third world "with theory of latour's theory of forms: concept parker has much in common, and therefore has much in common with the spirit of the Hegel's objective", "they admit that an independent of the third world, and regard it as superman, divinity and eternal world."
"The language of the world, speculation, theories and arguments of the world, in short, the objective knowledge of the world, is the human creation of the world of one of the most important in the world, at the same time is a largely independent of the world.
The concept of autonomy is my theory at the core of the third world; Although the third world is the product of human, human's creation, but it also like the product of other animals, which in turn create its own autonomy areas.
There are countless examples... Although the third world is what we create, but it is basically independent
However, autonomy is part of the new problems lead to a new creation or structure, such as recursive functions or brow will choose sequence, and thus can be added the new object in the third world. And each of these steps will create new unexpected fact, new unexpected problems, and also often create a new counter.
Our creation to ourselves, to the third world second world also has a very important role in the feedback. Because the new problems in the push us to new creation.
This process can use a little too simplified scheme as follows:
P1 - > TT - > EE - > P2
That is to say, we are starting from a point P1, propose a tentative solution or TT tentative theory, it may (in whole or part) is wrong, no matter how it must be subjected to eliminate the wrong stage EE, it can be composed of critical discussion or experimental examination, however, new problems P2 produced in our own creation, and the new problem generally is not created by us consciously, they emerge spontaneously in the field of new relationship, we can't stop all the actions of this kind of relationship, though we don't intend to do so.
The autonomy of the third world, the third world to the second world even to the first world feedbacks, is the most important fact in the development of knowledge. "(" the research of the objective knowledge: a theory of evolution" in the third chapter without knowing subject epistemology)
, of course, obviously, popper observed based on the feedback mechanism of creativity is still rely on people, but the autonomy of the knowledge itself exists today, seems to be more to get to in computer, network, electronics, quantum form even the flow of information and deal with the support of autonomy, especially in the forefront of the development of artificial intelligence, through the imitation of the handling of knowledge, and make the knowledge get more explicit autonomy and independent creative, today's AI has been made from knowledge to passive imitation from imitation to passive learning, from passive learning to active learning stage, to the can expect is quite creative ability, people even think that, by imitating human emotion, consciousness can do the nature of consciousness is ourselves, and if so, the AI can have independent thought, emotion, ethics, will and meaning? The robot will be relative to the person and more than one independent social ability and status?
Of modern people has realized that the traditions of the past "capital economy" has become a "knowledge economy", now with the proliferation of capital at the expense of the resource consume different, the sharing of knowledge and technical ability of fast reaction makes no marginal utility of the knowledge economy, knowledge economy has a new growth superiority and qualitative change, which is "knowledge" and "AI contribution to human social significance, but if one day of artificial intelligence will have their own sense of self and society will, then there will be a machine own ethics, philosophy and philosophers, pop can see three of the world of the interaction of the pay system will become three world war" jungle ", thought of nanometer magic, the quantum world, the prediction of the science fiction world, in the artificial intelligence can bring to people and the brilliant contribution to the human society is the appalling troubling shadow behind.
Second, the "Turing test", "smart" and understanding
Definition of AI now still not consistent, from a technical level, the machine of artificial Intelligence is the Intelligence of people, so the question is: what extent of machine Intelligence just equals the smart people, Turing in 1950 in the journal MIND "computer and Intelligence" (Computing Machinery and Intelligence) is put forward after referred to as the "Turing Test" (Turing Test TT), to Test the comparison of human Intelligence and artificial Intelligence, but it does not seem to be the human and machine is a problem, but the inspection standard of the "Turing Test" is the real problem. Turing clearly illustrates the "Turing test" is not on the basis of machine algorithm ability, the ability of the press machine standard only statistical method, the "Turing test" ruled out the human and machine in the difference of "smart" on the expression, the "Turing test" qualified people and machines can only use sign language communication, the tools in the form of the undifferentiated up and found that the essential difference between intelligence and machine intelligence. In this way, the "Turing test" is a standard to test the relationship between human and machine, the "Turing test" is such a kind of hierarchical relationships: man and machine, people with this kind of person - agencies of the department of detection. Experiments arranged between man and machine in sign language for communication, then let the third person through this kind of symbolic language communication process to determine the difference between man and machine; Turing to machine the program set a clear goal: machine with the tester, to communicate the identity of the person to cheat if questioned by some type of communication, the tester can't distinguish people or machine, the machine through the Turing test.
Man-machine communication can have content in symbolic form, the "Turing test" is essentially the distinction between the two levels to ask questions, if able to communicate with sign language and human and machine, this kind of "communication" may do the same standard of judgment, the standard of press machine, is the "algorithm", the judge has is a special theory and algorithm theory can calculate theory and uncertainty theory (NP); If people can communicate with the machine "solution" to each other, the machine has the same "smart" with people, but this kind of person and machine to "understand" must to levels of intelligence test, which let the third person as the examiner to judge (understand) man-machine "understanding", is that if the machine and people can in people at each level according to standard of "true understanding", man and machine "smart" is said to be equal. These are all in the case of conventional physical artificial intelligence, general mood Under the condition of the ability of artificial intelligence on the one hand, on the storage space and computation time of the order of magnitude of the comprehensive ability to enhance and algorithm breakthrough, more and more large amount of data and computer operating frequency and continuous improvement of the algorithm, especially is the combination of network and computer generated for "big data" style of "cloud computing", make the traditional knowledge and the ability of knowledge processing close to or may break through the human condition of conventional threshold; On the other hand is to rely on the discovery of new material and new features make the machine can be a huge different environmental response capacity, but this is only one level of the problem, the current development of science and technology has begun to enter the extraordinary physical, as well as the extraordinary community into the phenomenon, such as life science, neural network, nanotechnology, quantum state application and so on, these things mean that Artificial intelligence will appear under the condition of mankind itself outside of time and space, namely "science fiction model" of Artificial intelligence (Artificial Super - intelligence ASI), which are human was not experienced before, in these cases, the meaning of human problems that are beyond the "Turing test" of standards to discuss a more generalized "smart", it's just a matter of "uncertainty", but we will face the question of what became a problem, the unprecedented challenge, is can't avoid the task of intelligent philosophy, philosophy no intelligence, it is impossible to discuss "Artificial intelligence".
Four, the philosophy of "smart" : the third question
In pop there, in the form of "knowledge" as the objective and active constitutes the "world 3", this and generalized concept of "information" now basically the same, this is the concept in the philosophy of "information" under the special research; On the hill there, knowledge comes in weak sense of artificial intelligence, and highlight the "understanding" this standard, in Turing there, the content of knowledge expression form of symbols, the relationship between language and machine machine has emerged as the weak sense of artificial intelligence, but the "Turing test" is once again in the hierarchy of trier, limit the standard of "smart" are people, all these studies around the "knowledge" and "smart" relationship, the key is "solutions"; Super artificial intelligence put forward the question the essence of human intelligence, the depth of these problems has gone beyond the content of the traditional philosophy, the basic philosophical category proposed the new challenge, so you can call the philosophical problem of "the third".
According to the "Turing test" mode, "artificial intelligence" problem is the highest, people with knowledge or intelligence with knowledge or intelligent machine is the extent to which the same? For intelligent philosophy, the third problem Based on the premise that people can be decomposed to content and form of such a relationship? If the traditional philosophy is obsessed with the relationship between human and their content, the third problem is put forward form the relationship between man and himself, this problem was highlighted in the form of modern even sharper, if people and knowledge is the combination of "smart" (HI), so the combination of machine and knowledge is "artificial intelligence" (AI); If the two cases with the same capacity, so the AI and human intelligence (HI) can be considered equal. In fact, this view seems to have become the prevailing trend of the current.
We looking back at the premise of the third question, is a man with people as the form and the combination of knowledge, namely the HI man's intelligence is the form with the combination of knowledge, this problem will be scorned by the traditional philosophy, religion, the artist's disdain and poets * *, the theory of intelligent philosophy is a serious problem, AI and HI is intercommunity, otherwise there would be no AI, the problem is the "smart" is the essence of the form or content? "Turing test", "world 3" and "house" in Chinese is in such an essentially exposed the nature, this also is the core of the third question. In fact there are so many performance at the third question, than, for example, in a more narrow field can ask: intelligence is the essence of syntax and semantics? All pay attention to these problems of theory is concerned about the problem of the philosophy of "smart" intelligent philosophy is the philosophy about the nature of the "smart" research, intelligent philosophy is also the modern development of the traditional philosophy.
Five, the "smart" and human nature
AI AI research and the research of intelligent HI is along a different path of development, the former is mainly based on the theory of technology science and science, the latter is the deep background, the humanities and philosophy from the philosophy of smart, "smart" is the essence of human, to mimic or create non-living material technology is artificial intelligence, is always has a kind of artificial intelligence can't get rid of separation and opposites in the nature of the people, therefore, artificial intelligence itself is unable to answer whether or not they can have the essence of human intelligence to this problem, so the Turing to let a person ACTS as the TT of the examiners. But super artificial intelligence ASI seem to overthrow the "standard" prevailing sense, actually make smart philosophy "the third problem" in the face of human essence and presented in the form of higher: "person is intelligent" and "" smart" human "whether these two problems can do comparative study? - the question is the philosophy of "smart" supreme problem, is also test the modernity of traditional philosophy.
In the conventional understanding, artificial intelligence is the combination of a man's wisdom and ability to machine, artificial intelligence can not do without the machine form, left people and machines, machine, there is no meaning. In traditional philosophy, and the environment is always the opposite, or complementary, the world is the human world, the world is more complex, the internality is more complex, the world is more and more complex, the world is more and more "small", people more and more complex, but people are more and more big. Because of the look from the traditional philosophy, under the condition of the conventional artificial intelligence is not make increasingly alienated from human and machine, not a machine and the essence of division and contrast, if you have this kind of situation, this is just the evil into the machine, while the person's intelligence is far less than the machine in the store capacity and speed, but the meaning of human nature and human always higher than the machine.
Intelligent philosophy will be in the broader sense and a bigger vision on the extension of the traditional philosophy, the spirit of the traditional philosophy in or subjectivity to implant the category "smart", "people" is not just a "smart", "smart" can all boil down to "knowledge", human emotion, "understanding", religion, "heart" to mental activities and "smart" and "understanding" be reviewed together, this can be the meaning of human based on deeper based on, the higher the understanding of the vision also will be confused for a long time in the past some frontier science of human cognitive problem provide the foundation of understanding. Effect check today, for example, we still cannot be intuitively understand already found that quantum state phenomenon, the relative theory of paradox and so on, it is because we still can't understand "understanding", so we can in the traditional philosophy of "knowledge", on the basis of general research of "understanding" as the study of abstract behavior... And so on.
May not need philosophy more than today, because the human again at the forefront of the more difficult, in the science fiction film robots is the fear of "control" has been considered likely to be another great disaster, machine ethical (moral) unethical, immoral or non-moral (amoral) is a question of human problems or AI or "we" common problems? Perhaps one day machines might be die personification or self nature of their own, or even have their philosophers, they will be the western sense of a philosopher or a Chinese philosopher? From Chinese culture, people will always be inherent in the world, "the heart of the old, day to also" (the rites), were created by people of the complex world (physical, natural, social) internal generation forever, "the old friend, heaven and earth, Yin and Yang, ghosts and gods will..." Born, people and the world forever changeable phase, the essence of culture is the integration of culture, perhaps, Chinese philosophy and Chinese thought will may be the only and artificial intelligence "philosophy" the philosophy of the battle. This article provide by shaanxi umc communication technology co., LTD. For more details Please visit: http://www.uetx.cc/